1. Ocean Dumping

The dumping of waste into the sea from industries, ships and sewage treatment plants seriously pollutes marine ecosystems.

2. Land Runoff

One of the major sources of ocean pollution is the waste comes from the nonpoint source, which happens as a result of runoff. 

3. Dredging

Dredging is a key activity that enhances marine transportation and other related activities. However, dredging has long been one of the major sources of disturbance to marine ecosystems.

4. NOx and SOx

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) – two major pollutants in ship emissions – seriously impact the marine environment and the ozone layer in a number of ways.

5. Ocean Acidification

The problem of ocean acidification is rapidly becoming a threat to marine life. Ocean acidification is the continual decrease in seawater pH.

6. Sea Water Level Rising

The dumping of waste into the sea from industries, ships and sewage treatment plants seriously pollutes marine ecosystems.

7. Ozone Depleting Substances

Ozone-depleting substances such as CFCs and Halon along with other pollutants from ships are destroying the ozone layer.

8. Waste Pollution from Ships

Apart from other pollutants such as oil and gas, the waste and garbage generated on board ships poses a significant threat to the marine ecosystem. 

9. Noise Pollution from Ships

It has been scientifically proven that the noise generated by ship operations is harmful to marine life.

10. Oil Spills

Disasters such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill and Deepwater Horizon have resulted in extreme pollution of marine ecosystems, killing thousands of marine life.

11. Plastic Pollution

It is estimated that around 8 million tonnes of plastic waste enters our oceans every year, and by 2050 at this rate, we would witness more plastic than fish in the water bodies across the world. 

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