With increase in modern technology and automation in ship’s machinery and operations, electronic circuits like printed circuit board or PCB along with signal transducer and transmission system are popularly used onboard. Since these are very small and vital circuits they require proper location and precaution for their installation.

Since most of the ship generates A.C current from its alternator, it becomes essential to use a device, along with transformer, which can convert this A.C current into D.C current for the use of those equipment or circuit running on D.C.

An Amplifier or an operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit is commonly used in the automation, control and other electronic circuits for marine applications. The applied input signal is usually a voltage or a current signal.

With new stringent regulations against pollution being introduced, it is important for the manufacturers to build marine engine that satisfy these norms and do not